Introduction. Orthodontic treatment plays an important role not only in improving dental function and appearance but also in influencing patients’ comfort and confidence in everyday life. These effects become even more relevant in patients with periodontal problems. The aim of the study was to evaluate how orthodontic treatment influences the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in adults and to explore its relationship with periodontal care and treatment characteristics.

Materials and methods: Adult patients who completed orthodontic treatment were evaluated using the short form of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for satisfaction. In our analysis, several factors such as gender, age, appliance type, treatment duration, and periodontal treatment were considered. Descriptive and comparative statistical tests were carried out, and a multivariate regression was then performed to find out which of these factors had the greatest influence on the OHIP-14 scores.

Results: The mean OHIP-14 total score was 11.2 ± 7.6, reflecting a favorable outcome. Among OHIP-14 domains, physical pain and psychological discomfort showed the highest impact. Patients treated with clear aligners showed significantly lower OHIP-14 scores and higher satisfaction compared with those wearing fixed appliances (p < 0.05). Periodontal treatment during orthodontic therapy was associated with improved OHRQoL and greater satisfaction. Regression analysis revealed that several clinical factors, such as the type of appliance, bracket material, treatment duration, and periodontal management, influenced OHIP-14 scores.

Conclusions: Adult patients with orthodontic treatment presented an improved function, higher comfort, and a better self-image. Clear aligner therapy and periodontal care were the main factors that increased quality of life.