1 George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu-Mureș, Romania
Introduction. Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition caused by the reaction of the body to gluten in people who are genetically sensitive. Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammation of the gums and tissues that support the teeth, caused by harmful bacteria and an overactive immune response. Recent research has showed that these two diseases are connected and a complex interplay exists.
Aim of the study. The present paper aims to explore and synthesize the scientific evidence concerning the complex interrelationship between celiac disease and periodontal disease.
Methods. This review synthesizes data of studies published between 2020 and 2025 concerning the clinical, immunological, and microbiological associations between celiac disease and periodontal disease. Articles were identified through PubMed and Scopus searches using the terms ‘celiac disease’, ‘periodontal disease’, and ‘oral manifestations of celiac disease’.
Results. Based on the analysis of 14 articles extracted from the literature, the findings clearly demonstrate that celiac disease and periodontal disease are interconnected through complex immunological, nutritional, and microbial pathways, supporting the concept of a gut-oral inflammatory axis.
Conclusions. The coexistence of celiac disease and periodontal disease illustrates the systemic nature of mucosal inflammation. Interdisciplinary cooperation among dentists, gastroenterologists, and nutritionists is essential for early recognition, prevention, and integrative treatment.