Periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus have been said to have a two-way relationship, with diabetes leading to oral disease and periodontitis exacerbating hyperglycemia. The universal biologic mechanisms and demographic and behavioral risk drivers, underlying these associations in both directions, are also described.
Both the diseases are chronic and they are affecting large population worldwide. Periodontitis is also recognized as the sixth major complication of diabetes, while diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder which has an impact on the global health and plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
The aim of this article is to illustrate a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the literature, on the mutual relationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontal diseases,
trying to identify if the prevalence of periodontitis is higher in diabetics or if the incidence of diabetes is greater in patients with periodontal disease. Moreover, our intention is to increase the level of awareness of diabetologists and dentists about the interaction between this two pathologies.
Oral and periodontal health should be promoted as integral components of diabetes management. Dental professionals can detect unrecognized potential dysglycemia and refer for medical examination. Furthermore, the control of periodontal disease may enhance glycemic control which contributes to a better control of periodontal disease.
Nowadays, patients require the highest quality of treatment, but generally prefer to spend as little time as possible in the dental chair. Therefore, there is significant benefit for using new technologies such as CAD/CAM (computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing), which provides both quality and speed. There is an increase in ceramic materials and ceramic blocks/discs available, with varying properties. This has resulted in some confusion and difficulty in making an informed decision about which material is best for a specific clinical situation. The objective of this review is to provide an overview and comparison of basic mechanical properties of currently used CAD/CAM ceramic materials based on a review of the currently available literature.
